Photovoltaic panel M-shaped water tank horizontal connection

How are PV modules posed over water surfaces?

PV modules are posed over water surfaces by letting them float by adopting a convenient structure. The floating PV plant requires a mooring system immersed electric lines for delivering the produced energy to the ground-based station. Fig. 7.

Can a floating PV system be used in water reservoirs?

This paper presents the development of a new floating PV system for use in water reservoirs. The innovative floating system is modular in design, comprising interconnected floating modules. An innovative standardised floating module has been proposed.

How are PV modules connected?

The PV modules are connected in series and/or parallel based on the voltage and power requirements of the load (Li et al. 2017). Table 3 describes the various vendors and specifications that are essential for sizing the PV module design.

What are the components of a floating PV system?

Standard aluminium back frames and clamps are needed for the fitting of the PV panels and transfer of wind loads to the floating modules. The frames are fastened onto the floater module by bolting to the embedded nuts. An important component of the floating PV system is the station-keeping system.

How do floating PV panels work?

The attachment to the floating modules is secured by means of bolt and nut connection. The pillow structure elevates the PV panel at one side so that a 10-degree tilt is obtained. As explained earlier, the tilt is needed to allow rainwater to wash off dust and bird droppings in order to maintain efficiency of PV panels. Fig. 4. Pillow module.

How does water cooling of PV panels work?

Water cooling of PV panels is also studied by Irwan et al. where the performance of PV panels was compared with panels cooled by water flow on the front surface. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions. Water was sprayed on the front face of the panels. A water pump was responsible for spraying water in the cooling system.