Penalty mechanism for insufficient power generation of wind farms

Should wind farms be penalized?

Currently, some market policies have been set up to impose penalties on wind farms (WFs) such as fixed balancing fees per MWh or MW-month [ 3 ], and penalties for diverging from the day-ahead forecast [ 4 ].

What happens if a wind generator contributes 5% to a constraint?

If a wind generator contributes 5% or greater to a constraint, that generator is subject to curtailment. If more than one generator creates this impact, the curtailment is divided equally. SPP is reviewing the legality of prioritizing curtailments of multiple generators based on who has firm service.

Are wind generators subject to a curtailment in spp?

In SPP, wind generators are subject to curtailment if they contribute 5% or greater to a constraint. If more than one generator creates this impact, the curtailment is divided equally. SPP is reviewing its approach for prioritizing curtailments of multiple generators based on who has firm service.

Is wind power curtailment declining?

In the largest markets for wind power, the amount of curtailment appears to be declining even as the amount of wind power on the system increases. Curtailment levels have generally been 4% or less of wind generation in regions where curtailment has occurred. Many utilities in the western states report negligible levels of curtailment.

Do wind turbines reduce system-wide balancing costs?

Variable renewable generation and load fluctuations induce significant balancing cost in power system operation. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a control architecture that leverages inherent regulation capabilities of wind turbines to minimize the system-wide balancing costs.

Why does the Wind Energy Curtailment occur?

Curtailment of wind energy occurs because downward AGC regulation is required in some situation, as shown in the grey area above the green line in Figure 7. It should be noted that the wind energy curtailment is not arbitrary but minimizes power imbalances and mileage payments. Moreover, as expected, the mileage payments decrease as α is decreased.